Linux bridge VLAN的配置

2021-06-02

工作笔记

有 N 人看过

linux网桥支持vlan filtering过滤功能后，我们不再需要通过子接口的形式进行vlan划分，简化了vlan配置。

1. bridge vlan说明

man bridge可以了解到，linux通过如下命令进行vlan filtering的配置：

bridge vlan { add | del } dev DEV vid VID [ pvid ] [ untagged ] [ self ] [ master ]

选项说明：

pvid：端口的默认vlan，所有从该端口输入的没有携带vlan的报文，会被打上该vlan标签，该选项只对输入报文有效。

untagged：端口的untag vlan，输出报文携带该vlan时，会被剥离。

一般情况下pvid和untagged是同时使用的，对应于cisco的switchport trunk native vlan

self

master

这两个选项在帮助手册上是这么解释的：

self   the vlan is configured on the specified physical device. Required if the device is the bridge device.
master the vlan is configured on the software bridge (default).

我的理解是：self表示该vlan是添加在bridge设备上的，而且给桥添加vlan时必须且只能携带该选项，否则会报错：

ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$ sudo ip link add Bridge up type bridge vlan_filtering 1
ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev Bridge self
ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$ 
ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev Bridge master
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported
ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev Bridge 
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported
ubuntu@VM-126-137-ubuntu:~$

master表示该vlan是添加在bridge的端口设备上的，该选项是默认的，给桥上的端口添加vlan时可以不指定该参数。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link del Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link add Bridge up type bridge vlan_filtering 1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link set eth1 master Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev Bridge self
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev eth1 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev eth1 master
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev eth1 self
RTNETLINK answers: Operation not supported
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids
eth1         1 PVID Egress Untagged
         100

Bridge   1 PVID Egress Untagged
         100

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$

添加桥时，默认会以 pvid untagged形式添加的默认vlan 1中，很多厂商会把vlan 1作为保留vlan，不允许用户配置。

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link del Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link add Bridge up type bridge vlan_filtering 1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids

Bridge   1 PVID Egress Untagged

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$

端口加入桥时，也会默认以 pvid untagged形式添加的默认vlan 1中，

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link del Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link add Bridge up type bridge vlan_filtering 1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link set eth1 master Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids
eth1         1 PVID Egress Untagged

Bridge   1 PVID Egress Untagged

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$

也可以删除默认vlan 1

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan del vid 1 dev enp4s0f0 master
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids
enp129s0f0np0
enp129s0f1np1
enp4s0f0         100

Bridge   1 PVID Egress Untagged
         100

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan del vid 1 dev Bridge self
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids
enp4s0f0         100

Bridge   100

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$

2.实验

2.1 ubuntu配置

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link add Bridge up type bridge vlan_filtering 1
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link set eth1 master Bridge
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev Bridge self
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan add vid 100 dev eth1 master
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip link add link Bridge name Vlan100 up type vlan id 100 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo ip addr add 10.0.2.1/24 dev Vlan100
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ sudo bridge vlan show
port    vlan ids
eth1         1 PVID Egress Untagged
         100

Bridge   1 PVID Egress Untagged
         100

ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$

2.2 交换机配置

SWITCH# exit
SWITCH> enable 
SWITCH# show vlan
+-----------+--------------+---------+----------------+-----------------------+
| VLAN ID   | IP Address   | Ports   | Port Tagging   | DHCP Helper Address   |
+===========+==============+=========+================+=======================+
+-----------+--------------+---------+----------------+-----------------------+
SWITCH# configure terminal 
SWITCH(config)# vlan 100
SWITCH(config)# interface eth25GE 47
SWITCH(config-if)# switchport mode 
access  trunk   
SWITCH(config-if)# switchport mode trunk 
SWITCH(config-if)# switchport trunk allowd vlan add 100
SWITCH(config-if)# exit
SWITCH(config)# interface vlan 100
SWITCH(config-if)# ip address 10.0.2.2/24
Add Vlan100 into default VRF
SWITCH(config-if)#

2.3 互ping

SWITCH(config-if)# do ping 10.0.2.1
PING 10.0.2.1 (10.0.2.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.2.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.196 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.2.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.2.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.150 ms
^C
SWITCH(config-if)# 
--- 10.0.2.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2032ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.150/0.188/0.219/0.030 ms
SWITCH(config-if)# 
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$ ping 10.0.2.2
PING 10.0.2.2 (10.0.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.308 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.245 ms
64 bytes from 10.0.2.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.262 ms
^C
--- 10.0.2.2 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2031ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.245/0.271/0.308/0.032 ms
ubuntu@ubuntu:~/$